Background and purpose: Oculogyric crisis which is a dystonic reaction commonly caused by typical antipsychotics treatment of acute dystonias, rarely occurs with atypical antipsychotics like clozapine. The aim of this report was to describe a rare case of clozapine-induced oculogyric crisis successfully treated with biperiden. Case: The patient was a 42-year-old woman with a 19-year history of schizophrenia treated with high-potency typical antipsychotics, risperidone and lithium augmentation with appropriate doses and duration. Because of poor response to prior medications, she was prescribed clozapine started with 25 mg/d and gradually titrated up to 150 mg/d. She has experienced two episodes of oculogyric crisis treated successfully with biperiden. Discussion: Although low affinity of clozapine for blocking D2 dopaminergic receptors and its anticholinergic activity may explain the significantly lower incidence of dystonic reactions, they may happen in some patients and could be suppressed with biperiden. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider dystonic reaction as a possible clozapine adverse effect and on the basis of this report, clozapine-induced oculogyric crisis may be treated successfully with biperiden.

Objective: Concerning the importance of the role of libraries in crisis, this study seeks to study the status of public libraries in confronting dust crisis. Methodology: This study is an applied descriptive survey. The statistical population includes all librarians of public libraries of provinces exposed to duct crisis (Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Ilam, and Khuzestan) which includes 378 individuals. Using simple random cluster sampling method and Cochran formula, 190 have been selected as the sample. A researcher-made questionnaire with 46 close-ended questions (5-point Likert scale) has been used for data collection. The theoretical framework of the study is structured through studying research backgrounds, related literature and basic documentary studies. The questionnaire intends to evaluate the status of libraries in three stages: pre-crisis, pre-crisis and post-crisis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software. Findings: The results of single-sample t-test showed that the readiness status of the studied libraries was poor in terms of educational, cultural, informational, and executive dimensions in the face of duct crisis. These libraries are also at a critical status during the crisis (information and administrative). In addition, the findings of the present study showed that the status of public libraries in post-crisis stage is poor in terms of documentation and implementation aspects. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that public libraries have no planning in dealing with dust phenomenon. Moreover, no provision has been made for librarians in these libraries for the three stages of pre-crisis, pre-crisis and post-crisis. However, libraries as a social and cultural institution can play an important role in this regard. For example, some of the measures that the libraries could take during dust crisis is to train users in dealing with dust crisis phenomenon, consider some plans to provide services during dust crisis, provide essential resources on dust crisis, communicating with institutions related to dust crisis, and provide the required information resources as they might require and documentation of the obtained experiences and presenting them when required. It should be noted that libraries, like all other public institutions, must be able to deal with all kinds of unexpected events and be prepared to deal with such events as far as this type of events require rapid decision-making and urgent action. Therefore, it seems necessary for public library administrators to pay more attention to the importance of the social activities of libraries and define guidelines for libraries in accordance with social, cultural and economic conditions to introduce the new role of libraries as information centers to the society and make libraries popular in the society.

One of the reasons for the water crisis in a country can be the reduction of the water supply of this country from a common water source between the two countries. When the upstream country does not fulfill its obligations regarding allocating the water rights of the downstream country and by changing the river course or creating extensive water dams in the river course, it limits the water resources of the downstream country, this issue can make the country that is especially in dry areas or The semi-arid part of the world is placed, facing serious risks, and creating a water crisis, which is known as a geopolitical crisis. This project has greatly reduced the water of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and also the area covered by them in Iraq, and accordingly, the dust centers in this country that correspond to the areas covered by these rivers are active, and it has led to the aggravation of the micro dust crisis in Iraq and has also affected I.R.Iran.This research has been conducted with a descriptive-analytical method to investigate the water crisis in the country downstream of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, caused by the implementation of the "GAP" project in Turkey and its effect on the activation of dust centers in Iraq. It has investigated the influence of Iran, also in this research; the in-depth interview method has been used to take advantage of the opinions of elites.

Since the emergence of modernity, and in response to its myriad aspects and potentials, which are constantly unfolding, countless reactions have kept emerging in almost all quarters of the globe. A large variety of anti-modern reactions, the common core of which is perhaps the idea that modernity, in one way or another, is illegitimate, stand out among these responses. According to some of these anti-modern responses, modernity has usurped the characteristics and features of religion, which has been the soul as well as the main shaping force of the pre-modern era and has reproduced it in a corrupted form. Two German-speaking philosophers, Karl Popper and Hans Blumenberg, are among the intellectuals who have defended modernity against the onslaught of anti-modern tendencies. In this paper, I briefly, though critically, compare and contrast the approaches as well as some of the arguments of these two thinkers in defence of modernity.

As extreme weather events, dust storms are a recurrent feature of the climate that has contributed to severe damage to farmers. The date palm growing sector in Khuzestan province is one of the dust- prone areas that had been severely affected during recent dust storms in the region. This study aims at investigating the factors contributing to date palm orchardists’ resilience to coping with dust stress. The population for this study comprised 157 date palm orchardists residing in Ahwaz County. This study is based on primary sources of data collected from 100 orchardists, following a structured questionnaire survey design. The questionnaire’s validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of different scales was measured by the Alpha Cronbach coefficient which ranged between 0.59-0.84. Results revealed that washing dates, using protecting nets, spraying toxins, cultivating other crops between the palm trees and searching for other sources of income were all known as resilience behaviours among orchardists. Path analysis results showed that date palm growers’ perception of resilience (b=0.43) and social motives (b=0.21) contributed positively and significantly to the date orchardists’ resilience behaviour. There was also a significant positive indirect impact between social dialogue and the resilience of date orchardists towards dusty conditions.

In recent years, the crisis of dust storm has turned into a serious crisis in the Middle East region and has caused widespread feedback. Meantime, Iran has been widely affected by the effects of this phenomenon due to its geographical location. In this research, this phenomenon has been investigated in Sarpol Zahab city in two parts,First, identifying the process and its climatic analysis, and second examining the environmental, social, economic, political and defense-security consequences. The first part of this research was done by analyzing climatic data, and in the second part, after library research and interviews with experts, 5 indicators and 32 items related to the consequences of fine dust were calculated. Then, the calculated indicators and items were given to 18 experts. After confirming the indicators and items, a questionnaire was given to 350 citizens and the results were analyzed using the PLS structural equation model. The tracking of the Farin storm in April 2008 shows that it is a dust mass originating from the western regions of Iraq and eastern Syria, which enters the western regions of Iran with a relative northwest-southeast direction. Also, the results of the factor load of the items showed that the most important consequences of fine dust are the effect on the increase of illegal traffic from the border, the decrease of the greenness of plants, the increase of plant and animal pests, and the increase of street and urban protests and riots.

The dust storm has caused huge losses in Iran, especially in Khuzestan province. The agricultural sector of the province is no exception. The strategic analysis method is a useful analytical model for identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats existing in the region to control the effects of the crises of the microspheres. Therefore, identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the crises of the microstates on the agriculture sector of Khuzestan and developing appropriate strategies for providing management solutions are considered as the main goals of this research. A library study, a questionnaire, and interviews with experts (34 experts) were used to collect data. Components of internal factors including 10 strengths, 18 weaknesses, and external factors including 20 threats and 11 opportunities were determined. To determine the final weight of each point using the AHP method, the final weight of each factor was determined. The results of the study indicate that surface water and runoff waters for supplying the water of the wetlands of the region as the most important strongpoint with a final weight of 0. 807, adverse climatic conditions (climate change and periodic drought) As the most important weakness with a final weight of 0. 145, the implementation of optimal management plans for natural resources (wetlands, etc. ) as the most important opportunity with a final weight of 0. 765 and lack of international and national cooperation to cope with the microgravity, it was considered as the most important threat with a final weight of 0. 140. Also, based on the results, the final score of the internal factor assessment matrix was 2. 432 and the final score of the external factors evaluation matrix was 2. 629. Finally, the defensive strategy was introduced as the main strategy of the research, from the final score of these matrices.

Background & Aims of the Study: According to statistics reported by the international organization, 500, 000 people annually due to airborne particulate matter exposure of the air are dying prematurely. Studies show the dust storm is responsible for the 7. 1 % increase of fatality. Control of particulate matter is one of the most important methods of direct and indirect effects of particles reduction. The aim of the study was the analysis of the relationship between exposure to particulate matter of plants, environment and human, which is a kind of crisis. Methods: This research is conducted the overview of studies, examining the relationship of dust phenomenon impacts with emphasis on dust problems and present solutions in Khuzestan, Iran. Conclusion: The evidence was considered inconclusive the environmental impact such as reducing vision loss caused by visible light availability, efficacy on the level of solar radiation and waste material. Short-term effects of dust, including more sensitive eyes, nose and throat, respiratory tract infections, headache, nausea and allergic reactions, this phenomenon can be long-term chronic respiratory and cardiovascular disease, lung cancer incidence and mortality. Proposed solution: Measures taken to decrease the impact of dust particles: avoid the outdoor activities, created ventilation system, increasing fluid intake to excretion of heavy metals associated with suspended particles such as mercury and lead, using a mask creation and design of clean room and sprayed mulch.